Of course Taiwan will last longer. No doubt China is watching Russia and taking notes.
I don't think so, Taiwan is little more than 1/20th of the size of Ukraine and it won't be as easy to supply with weapons as it was with Ukraine.
Ukraine has land border with nations covered by NATO's umbrella, which deters Russia from doing anything too drastic with the risk of escalating the conflict, Taiwan does not have this indirect protection.
Another problem is that China would be far more resilient to economic sanctions than Russia and they would represent a much keener double edged sword for anybody trying to apply them.
Another factor is that China has the option to siege and blockade Taiwan without firing a shot (well, at live targets anyway), an option that Russia does not have with Ukraine.
Taiwan has the advantage of being an island, making land invasion a tougher affair in the initial days of war, but after that, if there's a breakthrough, the advantage becomes irrilevant as the war drags on.
The only unknowns in this whole affair are the actual conventional military might of modern china (which we haven't seen in action yet) and the eventual reaction of the United States, as it's the only thing that can deter China from intervention right now.