If economic gain justifies military action, then any disparity in wealth becomes a potential casus belli. This leads to an absurd, infinite regress: Why stop at oil? A nation could invade for farmland, technology, or labour under the same logic, eroding any principled distinction between just defence and predatory imperialism. Hostile states may indeed act amorally, but emulating them reduces the U.S. to their level. The"do whatever you can get away with" rule is a recipe for anarchy, as it invites reciprocal aggression. Anyone could claim the same justification, leading to perpetual conflict. It justifies Russia invading Europe for the resources, China invading Taiwan for the semiconductors and Pakistan & India fighting over the water.
Treating soldiers as tools for corporate profit (e.g., oil companies) rather than defenders of justice is inherently exploitative and devalues human life for material gain. How would you feel about U.S. servicemen dying for "economic gain"? Or perhaps even civilians on the other side. How many millions is each soldier/civilian's life worth?
Even setting morality aside, this approach fails a basic cost-benefit analysis. U.S. wars for economic security (e.g., oil) have incurred trillions in direct and indirect costs, dwarfing any gains while diverting resources from genuine growth engines like innovation and infrastructure. Post-9/11 wars (heavily tied to Middle East oil stability) have cost $5–8 trillion, including $2.1 trillion in DOD spending, $1.1 trillion in Homeland Security, and $884 billion in veterans' care.
If the U.S. acts without moral restraint, others will too, causing more arms races, proxy wars, and nuclear proliferation. This isn't "security", it's a prisoner's dilemma where mutual aggression guarantees mutual destruction.
Historically, here's what happened when wars were fought for economic growth:
- Opium Wars (1839–1860): Economic access gained, but humiliation fueled Chinese nationalism, leading to the Boxer Rebellion, communism, and Britain's imperial overstretch, contributing to its 20th-century decline.
- Spanish-American War (1898): U.S. intervention was driven by economic interests in Cuban sugar and Pacific trade routes. It did get initial territorial gains, but it sowed seeds for anti-imperialist backlash, Philippine insurgency (costing thousands of lives), and long-term U.S. entanglements in unstable regions.
- Iraq Wars (1991, 2003–2011): Explicitly tied to oil security. The 2003 invasion, justified partly by economic stability in the oil market, led to regional destabilisation, the rise of ISIS, and over 4,500 U.S. deaths. It fueled terrorism, refugee crises, and anti-U.S. sentiment, with no net economic boon, as oil prices spiked due to instability.